Cellular Evolution Response :: essays research papers

The golgi apparatus and the mitochondria are both eukaryotic bond organelles. The Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bound organelle found near the cell nucleus in eukaryotic cells which is responsible for sorting and packaging proteins for secretion to various destinations in the cell. It is typically comprised of a series of five to eight cup-shaped, membrane-covered sacs called cisternae. Cells may have umpteen cisternae. Vesicles near the golgi are involved in the transfer of material between the golgi and opposite structures. The mitochondria is a site for cellular respiration. It generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars, fats, and other sources with the presence of oxygen. The mitochondria has two membranes. Both membranes are made of a phosolipid bilayer with embedded proteins, but the (smooth)outer membrane doesnt have folds, cristae, that the inner membrane has. The inner membrane makes the proteins and enzymes that are used for cellular respiration.The two membranes are separated by a space, called the intermembrane space. The two membranes surround the mitochondrial matriz which contains enzymes, ribosomes and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid. The mitochondria makes the ATP needed to help the cell function. b) desoxyribonucleic acid is a double helix and it replicates itself by separating the two strands while each serves as a template for bare-ass nucleotides to pair up into two new complementary strands. In prokaryotes, DNA is located all over the cell, but in eukaryotes it is only in the nucleus, and more specifically on their chromosomes. Prokaryotic DNA are located in loops, and does not contain the proteins found in eukaryotic DNA. Prokaryotes DNA has less unhelpful DNA than eukaryotes do, who have about 95% unhelpful DNA. Prokaryotes also have less complex transcriptional regulatory mechanisms than eukaryotes. The cell wall is a rigid layer surrounding a cell that gives it donjon and protection. It protects the inside of the cell from internal movement while supporting the cell. Animal cells do not have cell walls, instead, they have a semi-permeable plasma membrane. most prokaryotes have cell walls made of peptidoglycan made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by peptides. They are semi-rigid and protect the bacteria again possible toxins. Unlike prokaryotes, the cell walls of build cells are made of cellulose, while the cell walls of fungi are made of chitin.

Jurgen Habermass Concept of Public Sphere :: essays research papers

Jurgen Habermass concept of Public SphereJurgen Habermas developed the concept of Public Sphere, an clean network to facilitate exchanges, as a part of a larger project dealing with the paradoxical consequences of rational western capitalism.The project is deeply grow in Webers reflections on the role of religion (Calvinism) in the development of capitalism in the North-Atlantic Rim, and the Marxist critique of such reflections as laid out by the members of the Frankfurt School (Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer).Adorno and Horkheimer, however, found themselves at a deadend when they were unable to de-reify their admit concept of culture. It is precisely there where Habermas breaks away from the concerns of the Frankfurt School and begins his own reflection that, on the one hand, de-reifies the concept of culture (culture uiltimately is a product of institutions and human interaction and not a variable with life of its own, as Adorno and Horkheimer fabricated at some point).Habe rmas stand on the development of capitalism leads him to recapture an insight from the old Marx capitalism, with all its contradictions and fallacies, has the seed of its own trans pee-peeation (destruction for Marx) in the form of the exchanges that it encourages, but mostly because of its very need of rational domination. If rational domination is required (as opposed to traditional or charismatic), then it is necessary to discoursevely build the agreements that the lawfulness embodies.If so, then institutions like the Parliament are unavoidable and with it some discussion of public issues and concerns.Habermas finds the origin of such discussions and concerns in the emergence of coffee-houses all over europium during the Enlightenment era. Of course, participation in such activities was heavily restricted by class and in some cases (the European Jewish populations are a utter(a) example of it) by race and/or ethnicity.Habermas finds that even if such restrictions exist, the d rive of the Enlightenment project will be enough to allow for progressive openings, that over time will prevent against discrimination.Habermas is well aware of the limitations of his model.

John Locke’s Views on Property and Liberty, as Outlined in His Second T

John Lockes Views on post and Liberty, as depict in His Second Treatise of regimeJohn Lockes views on property and liberty, as outlined in his Second Treatise of Government (1690), have had varying interpretations and treatments by subsequent generations of authors. At cardinal extreme, Locke has been claimed as one of the early originators of Western liberalism, who had sought to lay the foundations for civil government, based on universal consent and the vivid rights of separates. 1 Others have charged that what Locke had re all toldy done, whether intentionally or unintentionally, was to provide a justification for the entrenched inequality and privileges of the bourgeoisie, in the emerging capitalist society of ordinal century England. The crux of these arguments both way have centered on Chapter 5 in the Second Treatise, entitled Of Property. John Lockes Of Property Locke was dissatisfied with explanations given by such authors as Robert Filmer, which had sought to ratio nalize the absolutism of monarchs by establishing that God had given all property to Adam and his heirs (based on the claims of Monarchs that they were indeed his descendents). Rather, his aim at the beginning of Chapter 5 is to show how men might come to have a property in several split of that which God gave to mankind in common, and that without any express compact of all the commoners. 2 Lockes first assumption is that although God gave the world to men in common, all men have a right, in the first instance, to their preservation, and consequently to meat and drink and such other things as nature affords for their subsistence. 3 Each individual has also been given undercoat to make use of it to the best advan... ...London, Allen & Unwin, 1976. Bibliography Gough, J.W. John Lockes Political ism Eight Studies, London, Oxford University Press, 1950, Ch. 4. Hundert, E.J. Market Society and Meaning in Lockes Political Philosophy in Journal of the History of Philosophy, XV (1977) Locke, John (edited by Peardon, Thomas, P.) The Second Treatise of Government, New York, Bobbs-Merrill, 1952 1690, Ch. 5. Macpherson, C.B. The Political Theory of Possessive individualisation Hobbes to Locke, London, Oxford University Press, 1962, Part 5. Ryan, A. Locke and the Dictatorship of the middle class in Political Studies, XIII2 (June, 1965) Ryan, A. Property and Political Theory, London, Oxford University Press, 1987, Ch. 1. Weber, Max, (trans. Talcott Parsons), The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, (2nd edn.), London, Allen & Unwin, 1976. John Lockes Views on Property and Liberty, as Outlined in His Second TJohn Lockes Views on Property and Liberty, as Outlined in His Second Treatise of GovernmentJohn Lockes views on property and liberty, as outlined in his Second Treatise of Government (1690), have had varying interpretations and treatments by subsequent generations of authors. At one extreme, Locke has been claimed as one of the early origin ators of Western liberalism, who had sought to lay the foundations for civil government, based on universal consent and the natural rights of individuals. 1 Others have charged that what Locke had sincerely done, whether intentionally or unintentionally, was to provide a justification for the entrenched inequality and privileges of the bourgeoisie, in the emerging capitalist society of seventeenth century England. The crux of these arguments either way have centered on Chapter 5 in the Second Treatise, entitled Of Property. John Lockes Of Property Locke was dissatisfied with explanations given by such authors as Robert Filmer, which had sought to rationalize the absolutism of monarchs by establishing that God had given all property to Adam and his heirs (based on the claims of Monarchs that they were indeed his descendents). Rather, his aim at the beginning of Chapter 5 is to show how men might come to have a property in several parts of that which God gave to mankind in common, an d that without any express compact of all the commoners. 2 Lockes first assumption is that although God gave the world to men in common, all men have a right, in the first instance, to their preservation, and consequently to meat and drink and such other things as nature affords for their subsistence. 3 Each individual has also been given reason to make use of it to the best advan... ...London, Allen & Unwin, 1976. Bibliography Gough, J.W. John Lockes Political Philosophy Eight Studies, London, Oxford University Press, 1950, Ch. 4. Hundert, E.J. Market Society and Meaning in Lockes Political Philosophy in Journal of the History of Philosophy, XV (1977) Locke, John (edited by Peardon, Thomas, P.) The Second Treatise of Government, New York, Bobbs-Merrill, 1952 1690, Ch. 5. Macpherson, C.B. The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism Hobbes to Locke, London, Oxford University Press, 1962, Part 5. Ryan, A. Locke and the Dictatorship of the Bourgeoisie in Political Studies, XIII2 (June, 1965) Ryan, A. Property and Political Theory, London, Oxford University Press, 1987, Ch. 1. Weber, Max, (trans. Talcott Parsons), The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, (2nd edn.), London, Allen & Unwin, 1976.

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Essay -- Sex Discrimination

TABLE OF CONTENTS TYPES OF DISCRIMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1SEXUAL HARASSMENT IS DISCRIMINATION . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .1Laws That prevail Sexual Harassment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2How It Affects The Workplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4TYPES OF SEX DISCRIMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Quid Pro Quo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Hostile Work Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6THE HIGH COST OF LITIGATION FOR EMPLOYERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7TYPES OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..8 EMPLOYER?S RESPONSIBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11VII. CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12BIBLIOGRA PHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13CASES CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14I. TYPES OF DISCRIMINATION There are many forms of discrimination, especially in the workplace. Before we get into the different types of discrimination, we need to define the word discriminate which is, to make a distinction in favor of or against a person or function on the basis of the group, class, or category to which the person or thing belongs, rather than according to actual merit. Taken from the Unabridged Edition of the Random House Dictionary of the English Language. Like many people I was chthonic the belief that to discriminate simply meant that y... ...ts Acts of 1964 (Internet) http//www.eeoc.gov/laws/vii.htmlWhitehead, Roy Jr. Spikes, Pam Yelvington, Brenda. Sexual Harassment In The Office. CPA Journal. Vol. 66 No. 2 pp.42-45, February 1996.Note All periodicals were found with the Nexis/Lexis system in the Library.CASES CITEDEllison v. Brady, (1991) 924 F.2d 842Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Domino?s Pizza, Inc., 909 F.Supp. 1529 (M.D.Fla. 1995)Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc., 114 S.Ct. 367 (1993)Matthews v. Superior Court (Regents of University of California), (1995) 34 Cal.App.4th 598.Mogilefski v. Superior Court (Silver Pictures), (1993) 20 Cal.App.4th 1409.Neal v. Director, govern of Columbia Department of Corrections, U.S.Dist. LEXIS,11461, 11469, 11515 (D.D.C. 1995) Note Cases cited were researched through the law library.

The Internet Past Present and Future Essay -- Internet History Web Cyb

The Internet Past Present and FutureIntroductionThis report describes the history of the Internet. The report shows how the Internet was started and outlines the progress the Internet has make over the years.The World Just Got SmallerThe Internet is not as new as you may think todays information exceedingly highway began as a bunch of converging footpaths in the 1960s. Many people credit the ARPAnet (the first computer network designed by the Advances inquiry Projects Agency) as the starting point of the Internet we all have be intimate to know and love today, however this is not entirely true. It would be more perfect to say that the Internet grew from a number of indigenous technologies, which first started as ARPAnet, and then developed over the next thirty years to become what it is today. there have been enormous changes in the development of the Internet since it began in the 1960s revolutionizing the way people communicate and do business.The Internet, as defined by Micr osoft Encarta 97 Encyclopaedia is the interconnection of computer networks that enables connected machines to communicate directly. The term popularly refers to a particular global interconnection of government, education, and business computer networks that is available to the public. in that location are also smaller Internets usually for the private use of a single organization, called intranets. The fact that the Internet was created was a big surprise to the top leadership in computer technology. IBM president Thomas J. Watson declared, There is a world market for about five computers, in 1943. When Watson made this statement, he was being quite accurate. At the time, computers were not very practical, they were large, difficult to maintain and tremendously costly, the idea of linking these things together was unthinkable. Sputnik 1The Sputnik was a major breakthrough, by launching this piece of metallic element into orbit the Soviet Union proved its dominance in space techn ology. It also demonstrated that they had the ability to launch a nuclear warhead from anywhere in the world, at anywhere in the Unites States they desired. Leaders declared that eitherthing was threatened, and a defensive response was seriously needed. The solution became visible to computer engineers, they must come up with a communication system that would not fail even if sections of it... ...rys borders. Even if such global control were possible, standards of international ethics and behaviour would need to first be determined. The FactsToday the internet is bigger than ever, four websites are created every second, traditional mail is being replaced with email, businesses are handing out little brochures and paper and putting the information on the internet instead, etc. The public is connecting in record numbers about 75 000 users join the internet every day. In early 1996, more than 25 million computers were interconnected with the internet in over 180 countries, and i t continues to increase at an extraordinary rate. 300 million users are expected to join the internet in the next three years RealVideo and MP3s are providing consumers with excellent multimedia. The war continues between Microsoft and AOL (the new owners of Netscape) over who toilet give users the richest browsing experience possible. The internet has developed extensively over the last 30 years. The internet is now developing faster than ever, who knows where the next a few(prenominal) years take us? BibliographyCollege handoutsMicrosoft Encarta 97WWW.whatis.comWWW.ask.co.uk

The Internet Past Present and Future Essay -- Internet History Web Cyb

The Internet Past Present and FutureIntroductionThis cross describes the history of the Internet. The report shows how the Internet was started and outlines the progress the Internet has made over the years.The World Just Got SmallerThe Internet is not as new as you may think todays information super highway began as a bunch of converging footpaths in the 1960s. Many pile doctrine the ARPAnet (the first computer network designed by the Advances Research Projects Agency) as the starting point of the Internet we all have come to know and rage today, however this is not entirely true. It would be more accurate to say that the Internet grew from a number of indigenous technologies, which first started as ARPAnet, and then authentic over the next thirty years to become what it is today. There have been enormous changes in the development of the Internet since it began in the 1960s revolutionizing the way people communicate and do business.The Internet, as defined by Microsoft Encar ta 97 Encyclopaedia is the interconnection of computer networks that enables connected machines to communicate directly. The term popularly refers to a specific global interconnection of government, education, and business computer networks that is available to the public. There be also smaller Internets usually for the private use of a single organization, called intranets. The accompaniment that the Internet was created was a big surprise to the top leaders in computer technology. IBM president Thomas J. Watson declared, There is a world market for most five computers, in 1943. When Watson made this statement, he was being quite accurate. At the time, computers were not very practical, they were large, difficult to maintain and tremendously costly, the idea of linking these things together was unthinkable. Sputnik 1The Sputnik was a major breakthrough, by launching this piece of metal into orbit the Soviet Union proved its dominance in space technology. It also demo that they had the ability to launch a nuclear warhead from anywhere in the world, at anywhere in the Unites States they desired. Leaders declared that allthing was threatened, and a defensive result was seriously needed. The solution became visible to computer engineers, they must come up with a communication system that would not fail even if sections of it... ...rys borders. as yet if such global control were possible, standards of international ethics and behaviour would need to first be determined. The FactsToday the internet is bigger than ever, four websites are created every second, traditional mail is being replaced with email, businesses are handing out less brochures and paper and putting the information on the internet instead, etc. The public is connecting in demean numbers about 75 000 users join the internet every day. In early 1996, more than 25 million computers were interconnected with the internet in over 180 countries, and it continues to increase at an extraordinary rate. 300 million users are expected to join the internet in the next three years RealVideo and MP3s are providing consumers with excellent multimedia. The war continues between Microsoft and AOL (the new owners of Netscape) over who can give users the richest browsing experience possible. The internet has developed extensively over the last 30 years. The internet is now developing faster than ever, who knows where the next few years take us? BibliographyCollege handoutsMicrosoft Encarta 97WWW.whatis.comWWW.ask.co.uk

English: Official Language Essay

If lyric is non correct, then what is said is not what is meant if what is said is not what is meant, then what must be done dust undone if this remains undone, morals and art will deteriorate if justice goes astray, the people will stand astir(predicate) in helpless confusion. Hence there must be no arbitrariness in what is said. This matters above everything. Confucius All of us are created individually because we have our differences to one an other(a). We must obtain the fact that we are not made to use same knowledge in one aspect of context.Based on our personal perspectives, we have our own ideologies and culture that we need to come to for it was the source of our identity. Language is one of our cultural differences to one another. By way of taking our mother tongue just to obtain new knowledge of slope spoken language was not a fair solution to globalization. That is wherefore we must have our own guts to differ the insurance stating that incline language should the all language spoken and written in the world. From the time of language policy conception until today, the debate between whether to use English as the only language or not continued to more sensitive issues and arguments.Many organizations and individuals who are against with this concept are making their own way to inform the public about the limitations of the policy. Despite of promulgating this policy to many schools and companies, many people are still undecided to take this action because it was not a reasonable thinking. According to Leonard Kniffel in his article, English only is English Lonely, we understood in those days that English was the key to success and acceptance.Kids like us embraced into exclusion of any language or custom that made as back as if we were just off the boat (3). The main targets of the institutions behind the promulgation of English language policy are the children for they could not render opposition to what the academe or the social law wou ld impose to them. Children could be feed any information without asking why and how things happened. Therefore, by using children as the primary way to defy English as the official language, success will come into a wide sorting of situation.According to Rebecca Weber in her article Something to Talk About, English-only advocates say that assimilation and mastering English are crucial to success in school, the workforce, and society. exclusively children who can speak English on playground cant necessarily comprehend grade-level academic content in English (25). This statement shows that by feeding a child the orientation to speak English language is a terrible problem because even if in his or her daily activities should make him or her use the Standard English language.Therefore, problem may arise within this issue because limitation of a childs activity because of English language will be done without any good reasoning or justification. On the other way around, according to Loreta Medina in her article authorise English Immersion has not been proven to Raise Test Scores, Contrary to popular wisdom, systematic evaluations show bilingual education to be high-performance to English-only approaches on promoting English reading.But that advantage is fairly small if it is not combined with other costly efforts to improve the school leadership and instructional approaches that go far beyond the tired refrain of the language of instruction. (2) This statement shows that English is not the solution to global problem because there are more things to discourse rather than limiting people to use only one language. By promoting this policy, people will be engaged to a dictatorial situation wherein they could not use their mother tongue, which they could more express their selves rather than using English language.As a whole, policy on using English language as the only language used in the world particularly in the society of America should not be promulgated b ecause it promotes discrimination and inequality especially to different immigrants who could not obtain English language very well. English language will always be the second language of many immigrants from other countries but it should not be the reason to deploy them because we must know that they are striving hard to learn the language even if it was already in the sense of stupidity.

XI accountancy CBSE Board

Do you hink the Accountant has correctly recorded the interest on the l leftover? Give reason for your reply. 7. Write down the main features of Partnership. 8. When does the need for valuation of internally generated goodwill arise? Y IT tne amount 0T super pront Is negatlve, wnat does It Inalca e 10. Prithvi is admitted to the fede equalisern and the goodwill he was to bring in is Rs. 50, 000. But, he is not in a position to bring in the goodwill. The accountant has recorded an entry in the books of account debiting Goodwill Account and crediting Sacrificing Partners Capital Account.Do you think, he has recorded the entry correctly? Give reasons for your reply. 11. X and Y are partners sharing internets in the symmetry of 32. Z Joins for 1/6 th share in the running business on 1st April 2011. Z was given guarantee of Rs. 48,000 per annum entirely unfortunately Z died on 1 st July 2011. Profit during the current year to be accrued on the same scale as in the preliminary year. Profit earned during the year was Rs. mastermind the amount of deficiency borne by X and Y. 3 Marks 12. Write down the provisions applicable in the absence of Partnership Agreement. 3 Marks 13. X, Y and Z are partners sharing profit equally.X drew regularly Rs. ,000 at the beginning of every month for six months ended 30th kinsfolk 2011. Y drew regularly Rs. 4,000 at the end of every month for six months ended 30th September 2011. Z drew regularly Rs. 4,000 at the middle of every month for six months ended 30 th September 2011. Calculate the interest on drawings for X, Y and Z at 5%p. a. 3 Marks 14. Write down three differences between drawings against profit and drawings against detonator. 3 Marks 15. The average profit of the firm is Rs. The total tangible assets in the firm are Rs. 14, 00,000 and outside liabilities are Rs.In the same type of usiness, the normal rate of return is 10% of the slap-up employed. Calculate the value of goodwill by Capitalisation of Super Profit M ethod. 4 Marks 16. A and B are partners in a firm. Their several(prenominal) capital contributions are Rs. 3, 00,000 and Rs. and their profit sharing ratio is 32. Immediately after the allocation of Rs. 80, 000 as profit for the year ended 31st environ 2011, it was discovered that in arriving at the profit of 2010-11 the following two items were ignored i. Outstanding expenses of Rs. 7,000 and i. Accrued interest on investment of Rs. 5,000. Pass the adjustment daybook entry. Marks 17. Write down the differences between fixed and fluctuating capital Accounts. 4 18. Mark and Pat are partners in a business. Their capitals at the end of the year were Rs 4BUUU ana Rs 36,000 respectlvely. During tne year enaea 31st Marcn, 2 Marks drawings and Pats drawings were Rs. 8,000 and Page 1 of 3 Rs. 12, 000 respectively. Profits before charging interest on capital during the year were Rs. 32, 000. Calculate the interest on capital at 5% for the year ended 31 st March 2011. 4 Marks 19. A and B shared wage and losses in the ratio of 32. With effect from 1st April 2011 they agreed to share profits equally.The goodwill of the firm was valued at Rs. 30,000. Make the incumbent Journal entry for the treatment of goodwill. What is a Gaining Ratio? (3+1)marks 20. A, B and C were partners sharing profits in the ratio of 532. Their Balance plane as at 1 st April 2012 was as follows Balance Sheet of A, C at 1st April, 2012 Liabilities Creditors Employees Provident funds Fund Capitals c 70,000 50,000 Amount Assets 20,000 interchange 26,000 Debtors Stock Furniture Building 2, 20,000 266,000 16,000 80,000 34,000 C retires on the above date and it was agreed that Cs share of Goodwill was Rs. ,OOO % provision for doubtful debts was to be made on debtors Sundry creditors were valued Rs. 4, 000 more than the book value. Pass necessary journal entries for the above transactions on Cs retirement. 21 . Ram, Shyam and Gita were partners sharing profits in the ratio of 532. On 31 st March 20 12 their Balance Sheet showed the following Capitals Ram 1 50,000 Shyam 125,000 Gita 75000 Workmens Compensation reserve Capital Leasehold Patents Machinery 350,000 stock 30,000 change at sank 30,000 40,000 Gita died on August 2012. It was agreed that l.Goodwill of the firm is to be valued at Rs. 1,75,OOO II. Machinery be valued at Rs. 1, 40,000 Patents at Rs. 40, 000 Leasehold at Rs. l, 50,000 on this date. Ill. For the think of calculating Gitas share in the profits of 2012-2013, the profits should be taken to have accrued on the same scale as in 2011- 2012 which were Rs. 75,OOO drum Gitas Capital Account and Revaluation Account. 6 marks 22. X and Y are in partnership sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 32. The capitals of X and Y remaining after the adjustments are Rs. 80, 000 and Rs. 0, 000 respectively. They admit Z as a partner on his contribution of Rs. 35,000 as capital for 15th share of profits to be acquired equally from both X and Y. The capital accounts of old partners are to be adjusted on the basis of proportion of Zs capital to his share in the business. Calculate the amount of actual cash to be paid off or brought in by the old partners for the purpose. 6 marks 23. John and David were partners in a firm supplying school uniform. They share profits in the ratio of 43. Their capital as on 1st April 2012 were and Rs. 50,000 respectively.On this date John suggested David to start supplying low cost school uniforms also to the students who belong to low income group and have been dmitted to the private schools of the metropolis as per the provision of Rights to Education Act 2009. David agreed and requested to admit his friend Sita, a visually handicapped unemployed person into the firm thus far Sita will not contribute any capital. John agrees to it. They were in need of more capital. John therefore persuaded a rich friend of his, All, who Joined them to be a partner. Ali contributed Rs. 7, 00,000 in cash. Delivery van of Rs. 2,75,OOO an d furniture of Rs. 25,000 as his capital.

Women in Combat Rough Draft

Auriel Payan April 7, 2013 English 2010 Rough Draft Women flecking in besiege is a topic that has stirred a sess of controversy in the last few months. This comes just ab come in from the uplifting of the ban that did non let women fight in combat. Though the Womens Armed Services Integration Act in 1948, created a corps for women in every branch of armament, it was withal the beginning of when women would non be included in combat. (Mackenzie 1,) Whenever the topic of fight comes to mind, the unriv all(prenominal)eds usually pictured in war atomic number 18 men. People tend to provide that men argon not the only ones involved in war or the military machine. In January 1994, a memorandum from then Secretary of Defense Les Aspin rescinded the attempt rule barring women from whatsoever positions that could expose them to direct combat, hostile fire, or capture the rule was replaced by the direct ground combat assignment rule, which much narrowly tailored the restrictio n to frontline combat positions. (Mackenzie, 1) This would completely change the way women in the military would be. Though not as big in number, women withal do have a significant role in the military today. They can join the Military exclusively they can have no diverge in combat.This limits the kinds of jobs that women can have. Woman in the fall in States want to feel equal to the man and the stigma that war is a mans intimacy has created a brood of controversy, especially in the society that we live in now. Women in our society be breaking away from the boundaries set from the past generations. Women be now taking and seeking roles that were once considered only for men. Just like in our society, women ar trying to advance in the military. Advancing in the military, not only has to be world able to fight in combat, save also reaching close to of the highest military rankings.The leap for women macrocosm able to fight in combat came this past January, when the Uni ted States Department of Defense, uplifted the ban on women being able to fight in combat. A cleaning lady representing her country by joining the military is something that not only takes great sacrifice, but courage as well, and they deserve the utmost respect. If a woman is willing to risk her life for the sake of her country, just like the men, should be allowed to partake in combat. War is much sensible as it is mental. Opponents argue that women argon physically not capable to succeed pop out in the battlefield.If a soldier is not physically capable to perform, they could possibly endanger themselves or their blighter soldiers. Soldiers out on the battle field carry various items like electronic equipment, weapons, ammunition, heavy body armor, and enough water, weighing anywhere between liter to hundred pounds. there is no denying that women on average do have forty to fifty percent less upper-body strength compared to men, but it is not one hundred percent certain that certain women are not fully capable. The statistic that women are a stack weaker in their upperbody comes up a lot, but it is stretched from the truth. The physical fitness argument, which tends to focus on differences between average male and female bodies, is also undermined by the fact that women who join the military tend to be more fit than the average American. Additional training and conditioning further decrease the gap between female and male service portions, and evidence indicates that women usually regulate on substantially from fitness-training programs. (Mackenzie, 1) To join the military there is this mental and physical toughness that one has to have or has to overcome by the time that they are about to be deployed.Yes, there is some women that are not physically capable to perform in the military, but at the same time, there are umteen men as well. Needless to say, there is a certain kind of person that is needed when joining the military. This goes beyond mal e and female. Character has a lot more to do with the success of an individual than the sex does. Regardless of this, the opposition still argues that women are still not physically capable and this could seriously put populate in jeopardy.Here in the United States, opponents of allowing women fight in combat, strongly believe that women are not physically capable, but in other Countries this has been disproven. In the 1970s, the Canadian military conducted trials that tested womens physical, psychological, and social capacity for combat roles. The results informed the final decision of the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal to remove Canadas female combat exclusion. After similar tests, Denmark also lifted its combat ban in the late 1980s. (Mackenzie, 1) If other countries have dismantled this theory that women are not physically capable, why has the United States not followed? Qualifications for being able to fight on the battle field should be tested on whether or not the individual is physically and mentally fit, the sex of the individual should not be the determining factor for why they cannot be out in combat. The United States has had a rich history of patriotism. Citizens, for the most part, are proud of the nation that they live in. When one looks outside for the fourth of July, all one sees is red, white and blue.A lot of Americans have a great sense of congratulate in the nation that they live in. Most Americans have a sense of recognition for the sacrifices that some people have made in order to make this a very prosperous country. Among those that Americans feel that deserve the recognition are ones that serve in the military. There is the upmost respect and pride that comes along when an American sees a soldier that is fighting for their country. According to Pew Research Center for the People and Press, Two-thirds (66%) support allowing women in the military to serve in ground units that engage in close combat, while just 26% are opposed. More tha n half of Americans are in support of the uplift of this ban. As an American, one has the god given right to choose if they want to defend their country. Upon deciding this, a lot of courage and pride has to come for one to say that they want to join the military. Though women only make up fifteen percent of the United States military, or roughly two hundred and fifteen thousand women currently serving, they still deserve the same amount of respect given to the men. Women joining the military are aware of the disadvantages that they are going to face just because of the simple fact that they are women.They realize at a very early start that war for men and war for women are two distinct things. It is a given that women are much more susceptible to negative aspects of war like inner assault and informal harassment. The fifteen percent of women that make up the military have chosen to overlook these negativities and have chosen to join the military regardless. These women are aware of the risks and dangerous and still have chosen to join the military. The courage, dedication and willingness of women in the military alone, should be the reason for why they should be allowed to fight in combat.The debate on women fighting in combat has a similar history to the debate on the policy applyt Ask Dont Tell. In 1950, President Truman signed the Uniform Code of Military Justice. This policy sets up discharge rules for lesbian members or anyone seen acting out in homosexual ways (Cristina Rivero, 1). This was the beginning of disallowing openly gays from joining the military. During Ronald Reagans presidency, it was made clear from his staff that Homosexuality is incompatible with military service. Those that were believed to act in homosexual ways or were gay were discharged because of the fear that homosexuals would disrupt the order of the military. According to the supporters of this ban, the disruption was going to be so great, that the military as a whole was in jeopardy. Many people felt, that this would create an unacceptable risk to the high standards of morale, good order and discipline, and unit cohesion that are the essence of military capability. (Wiki, 1) In essence, military officials were scared that soldiers would end up betraying or not performing to their peak if there were an openly gay member in their unit.This would all change In 1993 when President Clinton, ordered that a bill be passed that military members would not be asked their sexual orientation. This would become to be known as Dont Ask, Dont tell. In simple terms, if one was gay and was in the military, one could not openly express themselves as being gay. This stirred a lot of controversy because people believed that one should be able to express their sexual orientation without repo caution or fear of being discriminated against. Even though in 2003, President Clinton would want the Dont ask, dont tell policy removed, it would not come about until days later .In 2011, dont ask, dont tell would come to an end. As the end of dont ask, dont tell came, a lot of military officials came out. Several high ranking military officials decided it was the appropriate time to finally come out. For years, the fear that openly gay members would be perverting to the military kept many military men and women from being open about their sexuality. There was such a great fear when in realism there was minimal or plane no consequences from openly gay members serving in the military. This is much like the debate on women fighting in combat today.Women have been serving in the military for decades. Hundreds of women have been hurt and even killed while proudly serving their country. With the proper training, any military member should be able to perform at their peak. If someone is not physically, mentally ready to be out on the battlefield, one should not be out there. There have been gay members in the military that have had the proper training leading to successful military careers. The fact of their sexual orientation did not limit or hurt them while serving in the military. Like men, women have been serving their country with honor and pride for decades.But unlike men, the women in the military do not tend to receive as much recognition for their service to their country. Women may only make up fifteen percent of the military, but they have been excluded from twenty percent of the jobs in the military. According to the Department of Defense, ending the ban will open up 237,000 positions to women. (Hallman, 1) With the uplift of this ban, more opportunities will be opened for women not only in the types of jobs that they can have, but the rankings that they could possibly reach. Sexual assaults in the military towards women tend to go unreported.By allowing women to reach higher-rankings, there could be the possibility that sexual assaults go down or more likely to go reported. Recent surveys of female veterans found that clos e to a third were victims of deflower or assault while they were serving, which is double the rate in the civilian population. (Hallman, 1) More often than not, sexual assaults go unreported in the military. By having women as higher-ranking officials, the sexual assault epidemic in the military may start being addressed properly. The proper steps in reporting sexual assaults may take place.There is always this fear that there will be severe repo cautions if women come forward. Women may feel a lot more cheerful reporting sexual assault to a women high-ranking official. Allowing women to fight in combat will be a positive movement that may even get rid or limit the negative aspect of the military. During war, soldiers encounter a variety of difficult tasks, mishaps and dangerous situations. All of these things are inevitable and are a part of war. Soldiers are put through situations that are not only physically but also mentally exhausting. Because of this a lot of soldiers incr ease PTSD or post traumatic stress disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition thats triggered by a terrifying event. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event. (Mayo Clinic) From 2009, post-traumatic stress disorder diagnoses have increased in women from fifteen percent up to twenty-two percent. Men have increased from nine percent to fourteen percent in the diagnosis of PTSD. (Anderson, 1) This alone raises a lot of questions whether women are mentally stable enough to be on the front lines.Though it is true that women are being diagnosed at a much higher rate than men, there are probably a lot of men that are not willing to come forward and admit that they have post-traumatic stress disorder. Men in common tend to not want to come forward because of the fear that they will be looked as less of a man or less honorable. Women on the other hand are much more likely than men to come forward and because of this, the statistic may not be as accurate and be swayed. Women are traditionally viewed as these caring, emotional, and even soft individuals when compared to men.But realistically, in the military all of these characteristics of traditional women are dropped. It takes a certain kind of individual, man or woman, to join the military. The women that do decide to join the military are not like the traditional women. These women are tough, rigid individuals that are not much unalike to their male counterparts. The military lifestyle is a lot different than the civilian lifestyle. Yes it is true that women officially may not be allowed to fight on the frontlines, but that does not mean that women are not exposed to the same dangers as the men who are.USA Today States, since the start of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, 292,000 women have served in those combat zones out of a total of almost 2. 5 million, Pentagon records show. In both wars, 152 women have died from combat or noncombat causes, records show, and 958 have been wounded in action. Much like the men, some women that have served for their country have died. This just goes to show that even though women typically arent in the battlefield, the risk of them dying is significant. The military should be obtuse and white not male or female.A lot of people are calling the uplifting of women fighting in combat an essay. Is it really an experiment or just an official document that allows women to fight in combat? Women in the military are exposed to the same dangers as much as the men are. With the uplifting of this ban, men and women will now receive the same training essential for the front lines. Both men and women should receive this training in order to guarantee that both will be successful. If a soldier is not prepared mentally or physically, they should not be allowed to fight in combat.There should be rigorous testing on each individual soldier determining if they are c ombat ready. The sex of the soldier should not be the deciding factor whether or not someone is combat ready. There are plenty of men that are physically and mentally ready, but there is also plenty of women as well. Women are becoming more equal in our society vastly due to the fact that they are fully capable of doing any task that men can perform. Citations Mackenzie, M. H. (2012). Let Women Fight. Foreign Affairs, 91(6), 32-42. Tom V. B. and Jim M, (2013, January 23).USA Today http//www. usatoday. com/story/news/nation/2013/01/23/panetta-women-combat-pentagon/1859221/ http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dont_ask,_dont_tell Mackenzie, M. H. (2013,January 23) http//www. foreignaffairs. com/articles/138200/megan-h-mackenzie/let-women-fight Hallman, L. (2013, March 6) End of Combat cast aside Will Give Women Recognition They Deservehttp//www. foreignaffairs. com/articles/138200/megan-h-mackenzie/let-women-fight Pew Research (2013, January 29) http//www. people-press. org/2013/01/29/broad -support-for-combat-roles-for-women/1/

Hansson Private Label

publicise Consulting Expansion and Risk at Hansson Private Label, Inc. Evaluating Investment in the Goliath Facility HBS4021 Vent Consulting takes pleasure in presenting our Hanson Private Labels (HPL) capital expansion executive summary. We carefully reviewed all applicable case strongs and believe we have quantified your primary risks, benefits, and most loving course of action. 1) HPL has performed exceptionally well since inception in 1992. Financial statements show that operating revenues have increased from $503. 4M in 2003 to $680. 7M in 2007.During this time, gross operating earnings increased by $24. 3M. This illustrates that the company is non sacrificing profits for top level growth. Capital replenishment matches or exceeds depreciation. Net income increased during the same time cut across by $9. 6M. The revenue gross margin has averaged 7. 8% growth and the gross margins have averaged 18. 6% over the last five stratums, while net income has averaged 5. 3%. Dividend s have been paid to stockholders. Cash flow from operations has increased steadily. The cash from investing has fluctuated from a low of $5. M in 2006 to a high of $7. 8M in 2003, indicating an overall conservative strategy of controlled expansion. HPL used more cash in financing in 2006 and 2007 than in previous years, which may contribute to future growth. To reinforce the companys financial performance Total assets have grown over the years to a high of $380. 8M in 2007 Long-term debt is at a five year low at $54. 8M Net working capital is at a five year high of $102. 5M All four plants beneath HPL are operating at 90% capacity and a focus on conservative efficiency has led to strong financial performance.Comparatively speaking, HPLs 9. 26% EBITDA ratio is stronger than industry competition, another indicator of strong earnings and management. 2) Vent Consultings analytical summary is provided in Appendix 1. Note the calculated NPV of $4,971 and IRR of 11. 1% at tab NPV-BASLINE. Given an accepted discount rate of 9. 38%, both the positive NPV and the positive 1. 7% IRR spread on this investing sheath project initially indicate a rewarding proposal. Additionally, the calculated profitability index of 1. 11 suggests the project should be pursued.Note that the discounted payback period is sightly below 7 years, 4 years beyond the contractual commitment under consideration with HPLs largest retail customer. 3) Sensitivity analysis reveals interesting factors, however. Note in the additional tabs Ramping up capacity utilization to 85% in 3 years instead of the projected 5 years yields a full 2% IRR increase. If aggressive marketing can capture secondary demand from competitors and increase capacity utilization from 85% to 95% in years 4 done 10, IRR is increased to 14. 8%. The project is very sensitive to unit selling price.If expected annual growth in sales price rises from 2% to just 3. 5%, IRR rises a full 6. 7% to 17. 8%. The project is also very sensit ive to commodity costs. A small . 5% increase in expected inflation from 1. 0% to 1. 5% annual raw material costs reduce baseline IRR calculations to 9. 5%, making the project unattractive compared to the 9. 38% discount rate. Improved capital planning yields expected improved project returns. The last tab illustrates a potential improvement of 2. 5% IRR. Given this information, Vent Consulting has identified 3 courses of action (COA) 1) Accept the capital expansion proposal as written by Mr.Gates 2) Accept the retailer s 3year contract, but reduce capital risk by reducing the scale of expansion, improving the use of working capital and sub-contracting production shortfalls to other producers. 3) Maintain side quo and reject the retailer contract Despite the positive NPV, Vent Consulting recommends rejection of COA 1 due to the following uncontained risk factors Required capital expansion and associated financing does not match the proposed customer contract, adding uncontrolled ca pacity utilization risk.This risk is compounded by a lack of customer diversification. Difficult-to-predict sales price and raw material cost variables also add significant uncovered risk. Vent Consulting also recommends rejection of COA 3. This course of action would propagate HPLs growing cash cow furrow model, and sacrifice an ideal opportunity to improve company performance and steal market share in cooperation with one of the largest industry retailers. We strongly recommend COA 2, which apitalizes on market opportunity while minimizing the significant risk of the original proposal. Specifically Reduce capital expansion to 40% of proposed project. Improve capital management use primary capacity to key/primary retail customer(s) Sub-contract production shortfalls to other producers for lessor retailers/customers Vent Consulting is eager to provide additional recommendations on how this is would be best consummate for a fee once weve completed another few Themes.